OBESIDAD/SOBREPESO, DIETA Y ACTIVIDAD FISICA EN ESCOLARES DE 5 A 10 AÑOS, AREQUIPA, PERU, 2015

RESUMEN: Objetivo. Determinar frecuencia de obesidad/sobrepeso y su relación con actividad física y dieta en escolares de Arequipa. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se evaluaron 684 niños (353 varones y 331 mujeres) entre cinco y diez años de edad, de ocho instituciones educativas primarias de Sachaca, Arequipa, Perú. Obesidad y sobrepeso fueron determinados por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el pesado y tallado se efectuó en cada colegio, se utilizó la calculadora del Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC); la actividad física se evaluó con un cuestionario propuesto por los investigadores basado en el IPAQ (Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física), se aplicó directamente al niño; y la determinación de hábitos alimenticios se realizó a través de un cuestionario enviado a los padres del menor, basado en encuesta de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición. Resultados. Frecuencia de obesidad: 25.3%, de sobrepeso: 26.3%. La actividad física fue deficiente en 20.3% y escasa en 40.8% (insuficiente en 61.1%). Tienen dieta hipercalórica: 47.7%, Hiperprotéica: 19.5%, 32.8% consume dieta balanceada. Hay relación significativa (p<0.05) entre actividad física y obesidad, También entre dieta hipercalórica y obesidad.  El 29.7% de niños tienen obesidad frente al 20.5 % de niñas, con asociación significativa. No se halló relación entre obesidad y edad. Conclusiones. Más de la mitad de escolares (51.6%) en zona urbana de Arequipa tienen obesidad/sobrepeso, hay relación estadísticamente significativa entre obesidad y sobrepeso con insuficiente actividad física, consumo de dieta hipercalórica y sexo masculino.

Palabras clave: Obesidad infantil, Sobrepeso, Actividad física y hábitos alimenticios.

ABSTRACT: Objective. Determining the frequency of overweight / obesity and its relationship to physical activity and eating habits in school children 5-10 years old from Sachaca, Arequipa, 2015. Material and methods. A prospective descriptive study was conducted. 684 children (353 males and 331 females) between 5 and 10 years of 8 educational institutions from district of Sachaca, Province of Arequipa were evaluated. Obesity and overweight were determined through the body mass index (BMI), measurement of weight and height, was held in each school and the BMI calculator from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention of Diseases was used; Physical activity was assessed using a model proposed by the researchers based on various surveys questionnaire, which was applied directly to the child ; determining eating habits, through a questionnaire sent to the parents of the child, based on the survey of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition. Results. The prevalence of obesity was 25.3 % and 26.3 % overweight. Physical activity was deficient in 20.3% of children and poor in 40.8% (in sum was insufficient in 61.1%). 47.7% have a high-calorie diet dominance (mainly carbohydrates), 19.5% is primarily high protein and 32.8% consumes what we call a balanced diet. Statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) between physical activity and obesity levels are found, the found relationship is moderate (42.7 %). Also statistically significant (p < 0.05) between calorie diet and obesity, with a moderate association (48.1 %) was found. Regarding sex, we found that 29.7% of boys are obese compared with 20.5% of girls with low statistically significant association. No relationship between obesity and age was found. Conclusion. More than a half of students (51.6 %) in Sachaca, Arequipa, have obesity/ overweight; there is statistically significant relationship between obesity and overweight with insufficient physical activity, consumption of high-calorie diet and male sex.

Keywords: childhood obesity and overweight, physical activity, eating habits in children